Nursing Paper – Benchmark Capstone Project Change Proposal

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Nursing Paper – Benchmark Capstone Project Change Proposal

Abstract

Introduction: Nicotine is a highly addictive psychoactive substance that necessitates a structured approach to address the behavioral and biological aspects of addiction. Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is described as one smoking cessation strategy that may be effective. The goal is to show that NRT is an effective smoking cessation tool for smokers who have expressed a desire to quit.

Comparison of research questions: The eight articles under consideration all deal with the use of nicotine replacement therapy by young adults.

Comparison of sample population: The eight studies are divided into qualitative and quantitative studies, with qualitative studies recruiting a smaller sample of participants (between 11 and 15 smokers) and quantitative studies recruiting a larger sample (between 100 and 3,094 smokers).

Comparison of limitations: The qualitative studies had a small population sample, which limited their generalizability. Moreover, some of the research objectives are overly broad. The current study aims to address the limitations by enlisting a large number of participants, which will improve the generalizability of the findings, and focus on NRT as a single smoking cessation strategy.

Conclusion: Overall, the goal of this study is to present evidence that supports the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) among smokers who have expressed a desire to quit smoking in order to improve cessation effectiveness.

Introduction

Nicotine is a psychoactive substance that is extremely addictive. In fact, it is both behaviorally and biologically addictive, making it difficult for cigarette smokers to quit because any attempt to quit would result in withdrawal symptoms (Barbeau, Burda & Siegel, 2013). Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has been proposed as a solution to the concern that quitting causes harm.

The therapy works by substituting a less harmful substance for nicotine in order to preserve the behavioral and biological aspects of smoking (Silla, Beard & Shahab, 2014). As a result, nursing practitioners should recommend NRT to smokers who have expressed a desire to quit in order to improve their chances of success.

Research question comparison

The goal of this study is to compare the effectiveness of NRT versus other smoking cessation therapies in order to find the most effective method for cigarette smokers who want to quit smoking. As such, it aims to answer the following question: Is NRT more effective than other smoking cessation therapies to warrant nursing personnel’s special attention? To answer this question, it’s best to gather secondary data from sources that discuss NRT.

Buller et al. (2014) asked the question: How useful and effective is a nicotine patch (NRT) in smoking cessation interventions? Silla, Beard and Shahab (2014) ask the question of what attitudes and beliefs do smokers and ex-smokers exhibit towards NRT? Barbeau, Burda and Siegel (2013) ask the question: do e-cigarettes present better efficacy results when compared to other NRT strategies? Thurgood et al. (2015) ask two questions. The first question is: what is the effectiveness of different smoking cessation interventions for patients with substance use disorders? The second question is: what is the impact of smoking cessation treatment on substance use outcomes?

Garcia-Rodriguez et al. (2014) ask the question: What are the estimated relapse rates and predictors to smoking when using NRT among young adults? Benchmark Capstone Project Change Proposal Nursing Paper.Chen et al. (2016) ask the question: What are the high-risk smoking behaviors and barriers to smoking cessation among homeless individuals? Hakim, Chowdhury and Uddin (2017) ask the question: What are the correlates of unsuccessful smoking cessation among adults in Bangladesh? Diemert et al. (2013) asked the question: What are the predictors of young adults smoking cessation behavior?

The research questions in the eight journal articles chosen are all about quitting smoking, with six of them focusing on NRT. The fact that they all address the same topic (smoking cessation) for the same population emphasizes their relevance to the current study (young adults). As a result, they will be useful in determining whether NRT is more effective than other smoking cessation therapies and thus warrants special nursing attention.

A comparison of population samples

Buller et al. (2014) used a quantitative research approach to recruit a sample of 3,094 smokers aged 18 to 30 years old. Silla, Beard, and Shahab (2014) used a qualitative approach to recruit 15 smokers and ex-smokers for their study. Barbeau, Burda, and Siegel (2013) used a qualitative approach to recruit 11 participants, 9 men, and 2 women, for their study. Thurgood et al. (2015) evaluated randomized control trials published between 1990 and 2014 using a qualitative approach. Garcia-Rodriguez et al. (2014) used a quantitative research method based on secondary data from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions Waves 1 and 2.

Chen and colleagues (2016) used a quantitative research method to recruit 100 smokers from a homeless shelter. Hakim, Chowdhury, and Uddin (2017) used a quantitative research method to analyze secondary data from the 2009 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in Bangladesh, which included 1,552 smokers aged 14 and up. Diemert et al. (2013) used a quantitative approach that relied on secondary data from the Ontario Tobacco Survey, which included 592 young adult smokers.

The eight studies all focus on smokers as the target population, with qualitative studies recruiting a smaller sample of participants (between 11 and 15 smokers) and quantitative studies recruiting a larger sample (between 100 and 3,094 smokers). The current study will take advantage of these features by focusing on recruiting participants from the target population (smokers older than 17 years) Nursing Paper on Benchmark Capstone Project Change Proposal

A comparison of the study’s limitations

Although the eight studies do not explicitly state their limitations, the qualitative studies do reveal one. When compared to the entire population of smokers, the qualitative studies recruited a very small sample of participants (between 11 and 15), making the findings non-generalizable. A larger sample would be required to improve generalizability because it would be more representative of the population’s demographic peculiarities.

Nonetheless, it is understood that recruiting a larger sample would have increased the research cost for qualitative studies exponentially. This limitation will be addressed in the current study by recruiting a large number of participants while taking into account cost, convenience, and time constraints. Thurgood et al. (2015) point out another flaw in their research goal, which is far too broad. The current study addresses this issue by focusing on nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as a single smoking cessation strategy.

Final thoughts (with recommendations)

It is necessary to acknowledge that nicotine is a highly addictive psychoactive substance with behavioral and biological effects. As a result, effective strategies for overcoming addiction are required. Furthermore, it is important to recognize that there are a variety of smoking cessation strategies available, each with its own approach, effectiveness, and efficacy. NRT is one such strategy that has been studied, particularly in terms of its use among young adult smokers and how it compares to other options.

Eight research studies on this topic have been presented, but their findings are limited due to the use of small samples and the formulation of very broad objectives. The current study will address the limitations by recruiting a large sample of participants to improve results generalizability and narrowing the focus to NRT use among smokers aged 17 and up as a representative of all smokers. The goal is to present evidence that supports the use of NRT by smokers who have expressed a desire to quit in order to improve cessation efficiency.

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References

• Barbeau, A., Burda, J. & Siegel, M. (2013). Perceived efficacy of e-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement therapy among successful e-cigarette users: a qualitative approach. Addict Sci Clin Pract., 8, 5. doi: 10.1186/1940-0640-8-5
• Buller, D., Halperin, A., Severson, H., Borland, R., Slater, M., Bettinghaus, E., Tinkelman, D., Cutter, G. & Woodall, G. (2014). Effect of nicotine replacement therapy on quitting by young adults in a trial comparing cessation services. J Public Health Manag Pract., 20(2), E7-E15. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0b013e3182a0b8c7
• Chen, J., Nguyen, A., Malesker, M. & Morrow, L. (2016). High-risk smoking behaviors and barriers to smoking cessation among homeless individuals. Respiratory Care, 61(5), 640-645. doi: 10.4187/respcare.04439
• Didisen, N., Binay, S. & Yardimci, F. (2017). Orem’s Self-care Deficit Theory and Nursing Care in Relation to Pneumonia: A Case Report. Studies on Ethno-Medicine, 11(4), 311-317. doi: 10.1080/09735070.2017.1357223
• Diemert, L., Bondy, S., Brown, S. & Manske, S. (2013). Young adult smoking cessation: predictors of quit attempts and abstinence. American Journal of Public Health, 103(3), 449-453. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300878
• Garcia-Rodriguez, O., Secades-Villa, R., Florez-Salamanca, L., Okuda, M., Liu, S. & Blanco, C. (2013). Probability and predictors of relapse to smoking: results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Drug Alcohol Depend., 132(3), 479-485. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.008
• Hakim, S., Chowdhury, M. & Uddin, J. (2017). Correlates of unsuccessful smoking cessation among adults in Bangladesh. Preventive Medicine Reports, 8, 122-128. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.08.007
• Melnyk B.M & Fineout-Overholt E. (2011). Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing & Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
• Shah, M. (2015). Compare and Contrast of Grand Theories: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Roy’s Adaptation Model. International Journal of Nursing Didactics, 5(1), 39-42. doi: 10.15520/ijnd.2015.vol5.iss01.28.39-42
• Silla, K., Beard, E. & Shahab, L. (2014). Nicotine replacement therapy use among smokers and ex-smokers: associated attitudes and beliefs: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 14, 1311. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1311
• Thurgood, S., McNeill, A., Clark-Carter, D. & Brose, L. (2015). A systematic review of smoking cessation interventions for adults in substance abuse treatment or recovery. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18(5), 993-1001. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv127