Field Study RemoteSensing. DO NOT ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS ON

Field Study: RemoteSensing. DO NOT ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS ONLY UNDERSTAND.  BackgroundThisfield study will begin with the study of sea surface temperatures off the eastcoast of the United States. Then,you will analyze a volcanic eruption. Mount Pinatubo’s eruption in 1991 was oneof the world’s largest eruptions in the past 40 years. Located in thePhilippines, the volcano introduced significant amounts of ash and gases intothe atmosphere, enough to cool the temperature of the entire earth slightlyover a period of 3 years.Part1: What Do These Images Reveal?Procedure1. From the list of materials for this lesson, click the image titled GulfStream 1. The image may open in a variety of programs. Use the application onyour computer that best shows the image.2. Determine what area you are viewing. Some images have an informationlegend and key included; others may include geographic clues to the area shown.Look at the information included with the image. This is an image of the oceantemperature near the Atlantic coast of the United States, including parts ofthe states from North Carolina to New Jersey.3. Note that each color in this image represents data. Notice the colorscloser to and farther away from the coastline. What trends do you see? 4. From the list of materials for this lesson, click the image titled GulfStream 2. Consider the two images of the same general region, but further southalong the coast. These images were taken several days apart in early Septemberof 1999. What are the substantial differences between them? The first image isprior to the onset of Hurricane Dennis. The second was taken shortly after thehurricane.Part 2: Analysis of Volcanic EruptionsProcedure1. Familiarize yourself with the location of Mount Pinatubo and thedetails of the eruption. Use the Internet. Determine the longitude and latitudeof the volcano.2. From the list of materials for this lesson, click the image titledMount Pinatubo 1. All images that you will open for Mount Pinatubo were takenafter the main eruption of the volcano. Copy or save the first image. Open itin a program that allows you to zoom in on an image. For the rest of thisexercise, it will be assumed that you are using the Paint program that manycomputers have in the accessories folder. You may choose to use a graphics programor other tool to accomplish the same tasks. For helpful tips on using MicrosoftPaint to view images, see Instructions for Using Paint to Analyze Images. 3. Compare the images and note how far the cloud traveled. To do this,note that the images have a longitude and latitude grid where the distancebetween each pair of longitude or latitude lines represents 10°. Consider that at different latitudes, 1° of longitude will not cover the same distance. At thelatitude that you will note for the volcano, the circle of latitude (theeast-west line that circles the earth) has a length that is 96.6% of the earth’scircumference (the earth’s circle of latitude at the equator), which is about40,075 km. Since there are 360° of longitude, each degree oflongitude is equal to the length of the circle of latitude at that pointdivided by 360. For the circle of latitude that passes through the volcano,each degree if longitude is equal to 108 km.4. Now that you have determined this scale, find the center of the cloudas best you can. Note what you consider the latitude and longitude of thecenter of the cloud. There will be variance between the location you choose asthe center and what others may choose. Additionally, remember that each pixelis not a point but rather a large square that covers a significant area. 5. Repeat this procedure for the other satellite images, Mount Pinatubo 2and Mount Pinatubo 3. Since the cloud seems to be getting larger, it may bemore difficult to determine its center, but use a point that is in the centerof the white area on the image. These images do not have a grid as the firstone did, so you will have to estimate the latitude and longitude to the nearestdegree. Record your results in the table.6. Calculate the distance that the center of the cloud traveled from MountPinatubo. Assume that the distance north and south is negligible compared tothe distance to the east and west. This can be calculated easily by determiningthe number of degrees longitude the center of the cloud moved and multiplyingthe result by 108 km, the number of kilometers in a degree.Distance Traveled by the Gas Cloud of Mount PinatuboDateLatitude (°)Longitude (°)Distance traveled (km)Position of the volcanoCenter of the cloud onJune 16, 1991Center of the cloud onJune 17, 1991Center of the cloud onJune 18, 19917. Plot a graph of cloud distance vs. time.Part 3: Closer to HomeProcedure1.  Download and install GoogleEarth. Use the Instructions for Downloading Google Earth to help with theprocess.2. Note that Google Earth will allow you to view the location where youlive in detail. Perform an analysis of the different types of land usage thatare exhibited. To do this, find an image that is centered on your residence andsave it somewhere you will be able to find it easily. 3. Open and zoom in on the image until it is pixilated. Microsoft Paint isa valuable tool for this, though you may use another graphics program for thisanalysis. For helpful tips on using Microsoft Paint to view images, see Instructionsfor Using Paint to Analyze Images. For your analysis, indicate the size of thearea that you chose to use (for example, 250 pixels × 200 pixels).4. Determine the types of land usage in the image. Common land types arevegetation, roads, streams, and buildings. Feel free to include others as youneed to.5. Determine the actual area of a pixel in square meters. 6. Determine the percentage for each land type in your region.Land Usage around Your ResidenceLand typeSize of area for land type (number of pixels)Total number of pixels in samplePercentageHousing/buildingsRoadsVegetation ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS BELOW ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS BELOW.Score1.  In Part 1 of the field study, youqualitatively compared images of sea surface temperature data. Discuss howremote sensing, in this case, was more valuable than other kinds of datacollection, citing at least two ways in which remote sensing was a superiorform of data collection. Answer:Score2.  In Part 2 of the field study, youstudied the path of the cloud of gases and other substances spewed by MountPinatubo. Submit your data table and one sample calculation where youdetermined the distance traveled by the cloud. Also, submit the graph that youcreated of distance of the cloud center over time.Answer:3. In Part 3 of this field study, you determined percentages of land usearound your home. Would you describe the area in your study as diverse? Supportyour answer with your data and submit your data table.Answer:—————————————–1.  Three hypotheses—ecocide, ratoutbreak, and climate change—are candidates as explanations of why the societyof Easter Island collapsed. Explain each hypothesis, present at least one pieceof evidence for each one, and state a lesson that each hypothesis contains forthe world today. For each hypothesis, write one paragraph of at least fourlinesAnswer:Score2.  In a paragraph, describe theseven steps of the scientific method. Answer:Score3.  Error in data analysis oftenoccurs because the researcher has chosen an inappropriate sample for study—asample that does not correctly reflect the characteristics of the population orphenomenon as a whole. Name at least three different causes of sampling errorand state why each of them can produce invalid data.Answer: